First, this is the first published UK study on NGAL to predict AKI in ICU patients; second, our strict exclusion criterion excluded pre-existing kidney disease; third, we powered our study to ensure statistical robustness; fourth, we demonstrated the value of serial sampling of pNGAL and uNGAL; finally, we used a standardised user-friendly platform, reducing laboratory measurement error and allowing other investigators to validate our findings. The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is acute kidney injury.