CD8A and neoplasm: Consistent with the conclusion that these cells contribute to tumor eradication, the level of mRNA encoding cytokines that promote Th1 and cellular immunity (IL-12 and IFNγ) and the lytic activity of NK and CD8 T cells (granzyme B) were all significantly up-regulated in the tumor microenvironment (Table 1) as were the number of tumor infiltrating CD8 T cells and NK cells (Figure 2).