TNF and neoplasm: Upon flow cytometric analysis of the most common membrane and intracellular cytotoxicity markers, we discovered that Cer-DC express CD107a, CD178 (Fas ligand), TRAIL, perforin and granzyme B. Cytotoxicity of Cer-DC against HPV+ tumour cells, in combination with the expression of cytotoxic markers on these DC, is in concordance with others who described that DC can be cytotoxic against tumour cells by means of TNF family molecules (TRAIL, CD178) expressed on the cell surface of activated DC [37].