MMP-2 and MMP-9: In a study to assess the prognostic value of tissue MMP-2 in predicting prostate cancer outcomes, MMP-2 was found to be expressed by both cancer cells (70.0% cases) and stromal cells (75.9% cases); but in multivariate analyses, after adjusting for Gleason score, TNM stage, and initial serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), only MMP-2 expression in >50% of malignant epithelial cells was associated with a shorter disease-free survival [50]. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and cancer.