The P2X7 receptor is known to play a key role in the processing and release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β [5]–[8], and in patients with asthma P2X7 receptors are upregulated on eosinophils and on macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which secreted larger amounts of IL-1β in response to a P2X7 agonist [4]. The gene discussed is P2RX7; the disease is asthma.