Conversely, the other proinflammatory cytokines, TNFα, IL-12, GM-CSF, INFγ, IL-2, and IL-17, were decreased when stimulated with EXO1 or EXO2; however, only the decreases in IL-12, IL-17, and IL-2 (without NPC cells) and IFNγ (in the presence of EBV+ TW03 cells) reached statistical significance (P < 0.05). Here, CSF2 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.