TGFB1 and cancer: In line with our findings, increasing evidence shows that tumor-derived exosomes can induce tumor immune escape by impairing the function of immune cells, including T-cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells, through the enrichment of some biological proteins such as TGFβ or galectin-9 on exosomes in different cancers [16, 41, 42, 51-53].