EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In the proof-of-concept LUX-Lung 2 trial, afatinib monotherapy elicited an ORR of 61% in NSCLC patients [38] and in LUX-Lung 3, to our knowledge being the largest, prospective, randomised trial in EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC patients, the primary endpoint of PFS was met, with a median PFS of 11.1 months observed for afatinib-treated patients versus 6.9 months in chemotherapy-treated patients [35].