In postmenopausal women, adiponectin was the only one significantly associated with the probability of MetS occurrence (adiponectin OR per unit 0.85 (0.77–0.98), P = 0.02; leptin OR per unit 1.046 (0.99–1.11), P = 0.11; and A-FABP OR per unit 0.97 (0.94–1.0), P = 0.23). This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and metabolic syndrome.