We observed that A-FABP and adiponectin were significantly associated with the probability of MetS occurrence (A-FABP OR per unit 1.062 (1.01–1.11), P = 0.01; adiponectin OR per unit 0.86 (0.74–1.0), P = 0.044; and leptin OR per unit 0.98 (0.92–1.032), P = 0.39) in premenopausal women. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and metabolic syndrome.