qRT-PCR (LightCycler480, Roche Diagnostics, Germany) was performed using TaqMan assay probes (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) Hs00292670_m for MSI2 gene, Hs00365956_m1 for HOXA9 and Hs00426284_m1 for HOXA13. Our CML in blast crisis was compared with 41 cases of diverse haematological malignancies (13 blast crisis CML, 13 chronic phase CML, 10 NPM1c+ AML which over-express MSI2[14,20] and 5 Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia) as well as 12 cases of non-malignant diseases (wt). The gene discussed is HOXA13; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.