CXCL12 and neoplasm: In a further series of parallel experiments, we observed that while targeting either the tumor-derived signaling stimulus, CXCL8 (using x1/2pal-i3), or the fibroblast-derived enabler of migration, CXCL12 (using AMD3100), attenuated the migration of PC3 cells to similar extents, a trend towards more effective attenuation of WPMY-1-promoted wound closure was observed following the simultaneous administration of both AMD3100 and x1/2pal-i3 (Fig 4C).