Sequence-dependent PARP1 binding for SNP variants within promoter elements of the cytokine IL-10 [123], chemokine CCL2 [30], interferon α/β receptor 1 (IFNAR1) [27] and SMARCB1 [26], have all been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), carotid atherosclerosis, chronic infection with HBV and acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL), respectively. Here, PARP1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.