Based on previous reports that the mTOR inhibitors can exert synergism with various conventional chemotherapeutic agents including cisplatin in chemo-naïve or resistant tumors, we reasoned that the combination of NVP-BEZ235 and cisplatin might enhance antitumor effect of both agents in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells (17,32,33). Here, MTOR is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.