CLU and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In addition to adipokines for which associations between serum concentrations, obesity and metabolic traits have been well established (e.g. adiponectin, leptin, RBP4, resistin, omentin), we included several more recently identified adipokines (e.g. ANGPTL6, Clusterin, DLK1, DLL1, Glypican4, GPX3, SFRP5) whose links to obesity and obesity-related metabolic alterations are not commonly known or have not been studied in detail.