In addition, other genetic and epigenetic alterations, for instance hypermethylation of miR-29a or deletion of PTEN, p27 and Rb, could further suppress the level of these tumor suppressor miRNAs and genes, leading to the activation of PI3K/AKT, RAS/RAF/ERK and RB signaling, and a consequent uncontrolled cellular growth. Here, PTEN is linked to neoplasm.