BCR and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive: The increase of CD38 protein in chronic CML is reminiscent of previous findings that BCR-ABL enhances differentiation of long-term repopulating stem cells and loss of cell quiescence [35], [36], whereas reduction of CD38 protein in blast crisis CML is in line with the reduced myeloid differentiation described by Radich et al [18].