In addition, a viable population of monocytes were clearly detectable in LDCs purified from pathological livers with the only difference being an increased frequency of CD16+ monocytes (comprising both CD14+CD16+ and CD14dimCD16+ subsets) in pathological compared to healthy livers (15.3% vs 5.5% of total CD45+HLA-DR+ cells; P = 0.05), confirming previous results obtained in chronic hepatitis [19]. The gene discussed is CD14; the disease is chronic hepatitis.