HAMP and breast carcinoma: Pinnix et al. (2010) showed that cells with high hepcidin and low ferroportin levels tended to be more aggressive. They concluded that having a breast cancer with low hepcidin and high ferroportin levels is an independent predictor of prognosis for a >90% 10-year survival rate (Pinnix et al., 2010), however, the mechanism is still to be investigated.