Interestingly, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has neuroprotective effects on ALS (reviewed by [125]), and it has been shown, both in vitro and in vivo, that VEGF increases the expression of GluR2 subunit of AMPARs of spinal cord motoneurons, thus minimizing their vulnerability to AMPA-mediated excitotoxicity [126]. Here, VEGFA is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.