The strong innate immune modulatory effects of this intermittent metronomic CPA regimen are not accompanied by anti-angiogenesis, are seen in both xenograft (rat 9L gliosarcoma and human U251 glioblastoma grown in scid mice) and syngeneic tumor models (mouse GL261 gliomas grown in fully immune competent C57BL/6 mice), and are inhibited by anti-angiogenic drugs that target VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases [10]. Here, NTRK1 is linked to glioblastoma.