TNF and diabetic kidney disease: In streptozotocin induced rat diabetic nephropathy model, AS-IV ameliorated albuminuria, renal histopathology, and podocyte foot process effacement and inhibited kidney expression and serum levels of nuclear factors-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) [49].