INS and Insulin resistance: The patients with type 2 diabetes had a lower HOMA2%B (reflecting beta-cell function at steady state) index when compared to controls (77.9 ± 8.3 versus 108.8 ± 6.0, P = 0.008), whereas there was no difference in HOMA2%S (reflecting insulin sensitivity) or HOMA2 IR (reflecting insulin resistance).