AAA patients had significantly higher plasma IgE levels than controls (81.79 ± 61.65 ng/ml versus 7.10 ± 1.70 ng/ml, mean ± SD, P < 0.001) (Supplementary Table S1), although we were unable to ascertain whether there were any differences in the events of type I allergies, such as allergic asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria, eosinophilia, penicillin allergy, cephalosporin allergy, and food allergy between the two populations because most of these clinical symptoms were diagnosed in community general practices. Here, IGHE is linked to response to penicillin.