Another study in an ischemic model found that FK506 administration was associated with a significant downregulation of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) expression in astrocytes and microglia, suggesting that these are targets for FK506 and that the modulation of glial response and inflammation may be a mechanism of FK506-mediated neuroprotection in ischemia [67]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and ischemia.