Although case-control differences in recombination rates detected by PHASE were observed at three other hotspots (DNA2, DPA1, and VPS52) they were not significant (P>0.18); however, the rates at DPA1 and VPS52 showed the same trend as DNA3 (ie BCP-ALL > Control > T-ALL). This evidence concerns the gene VPS52 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.