We therefore propose a summary model to explain how cisplatin induces programmed necrosis in ESCC cells, illustrated in Figure 7: (i) promotion of necrosome assembly via autocrine production of TNFα, leading to necrosis, (ii) requirement of RIPK3 for cisplatin-induced necrosis, and (iii) inhibition of endogenous apoptotic pathways. Here, TNF is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.