Plasma leptin and insulin levels were similar in RC-fed Nrf2−/− and Nrf2+/+ mice, but consistent with their increased body fat content, HF-fed Nrf2−/− and Nrf2+/+ mice displayed increased plasma leptin and insulin levels, with a nonsignificant trend for reduced leptin levels in Nrf2−/− mice (Fig. 1G and H). This evidence concerns the gene LEP and hydrops fetalis.