For example, although the enhanced macrophage tropism of the E153G mutant was originally attributed to increased CD4 binding affinity and more efficient infection on cells expressing low levels of CD4, our Affinofile assay describes an Env that is more responsive to changes in CCR5 than wt JR-CSF (θ = 38.3° and 30.9° respectively, Figure 3E). This evidence concerns the gene ERVW-1 and infection.