Adjusting for multiple covariates, including age, sex, season, BMI, hemoglobin, eGFR, hypertension, diabetes, use of vitamin D supplements and RAS blockers, serum albumin, calcium, phosphorus, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and hs-CRP, all of the lowest categories of serum 25(OH)D levels, by quartile, percentile, and clinical category, were significantly associated with the risk of high-normal UAE. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is diabetes mellitus.