The XRCC1 gene encodes a protein that is associated with DNA polymerase beta, DNA ligase III, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and functions in a complex to facilitate the repair of the damaged bases produced by endogenous or exogenous factors. XRCC1 Arg194Trp, Arg280His, and Arg399Gln single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been shown to have functional significance and could alter XRCC1 function, decrease the kinetics of repair mechanism, and influence susceptibility to cancer [9, 10]. This evidence concerns the gene XRCC1 and cancer.