Of these anti-DNA, anti-nucleosome, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, urinary tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis, soluble cellular vascular adhesion molecules, C4d levels on erythrocytes, biopsy positive C4d and anti-C1q autoantibodies have all been investigated as renal disease biomarkers. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and kidney disorder.