In agreement with the significantly higher testosterone concentrations we observed in MetS patients than in controls, a Chinese study of 719 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and 685 healthy volunteers found that patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity had higher serum testosterone and fasting insulin levels, lower LH levels, and enlarged ovarian follicles compared with control subjects [24]. The gene discussed is PLOD1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.