For example, hypoxia (HIF1α) [45, 46], epithelial-mesenchymal transition [47], inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and TGFβ) [48, 49], and embryonic microenvironments [50] can all promote the reprogramming of CCs and increase the overall stemness of the tumor. Here, HIF1A is linked to neoplasm.