Interestingly, in another model of liver carcinogenesis driven by biliary inflammation in Mdr2-deficient mice, inhibition of NF-κB by IκBαSR expression delayed the appearance of liver tumours (Pikarsky et al, 2004), suggesting that in hepatocytes, NF-κB can exert both tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressive functions. The gene discussed is ABCB4; the disease is neoplasm.