The two most common targets of encephalitis associated pathogenic autoantibodies are the recently identified leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 protein (LGI1), which is extracellularly complexed with voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC), and the subunit 1 (NR1) of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor [5-8]. The gene discussed is LGI1; the disease is viral encephalitis.