MACC1 and neoplasm: Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of MACC1 protein expression was performed in 73 RPC tissue samples, 32 ANRPET (at least ∼2 cm distance from the tumor edge) and 41 NRPET (urothelial tissues from renal cancer patients, which are less than 3 cm in diameter with intact tissue cell polarity and are considered to be normal epithelial tissues).