INS and Hyperglycemia: Figure 1 shows that when compared to normoglycemia (LG), treatment with OGA inhibitors (LG + PUGNAc or LG + GlcNAcstatin) or treatment with hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia (HG + INS) raises global O-GlcNAc levels as measure by immunoblotting with an O-GlcNAc specific antibody.