Most importantly, we have further demonstrated using preclinical animal models that systemic JNK inhibitor administration to tumor-bearing mice eliminates the CSC/CSLC population within the tumors effectively and safely, suggesting that JNK not only plays an essential role in the maintenance of glioblastoma CSCs/CSLCs in vivo but also could serve as a practical therapeutic target for cancers whose stem (-like) cells are dependent on JNK [22, 24]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and glioblastoma.