In many cases, cancerous cells have been shown to have significantly lower resting potential than normal cells or fibroblasts [44]; therefore, for instance, heterotypic Cx43/Cx30 junctions between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) could be tuned by changes in membrane potential which, in turn, is determined by membranous ion channels and transporters. Here, GJA1 is linked to cancer.