TNF and Sepsis: Sepsis, produced by the well-characterized and validated model of CLP, produced many of the expected changes observed in humans [8], [19], including: reduction in total body weight, decreased skeletal muscle and liver protein synthesis, decreased 4E-BP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation in muscle, increased MuRF1 and/or atrogin-1, increased IL-6 and/or TNFα mRNA, and decreased in IGF-I mRNA in muscle.