However, analysis of salivary GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ revealed no significant associations with periodontitis [81, 82, 88] although there is a single report of elevated salivary IL-4 and significantly lower salivary IL-17 in periodontitis [87]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and periodontitis.