The concept of “biomarker signatures” in which multiple rather than individual markers provide more robust association with periodontitis has been endorsed by the work of Ebersole et al. [79]; in a study of 30 healthy adults and 50 patients with periodontitis, salivary IL-1β, IL-6, and MMP-8 were all significantly elevated in the patient group and receiver-operator characteristic analysis indicated that all 3 mediators had sensitivity and specificity values in the range 80–97% and positive predictive values of >90% [79]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and periodontitis.