NFKB1 and viral infectious disease: In response to LPS exposure, viral infection, the expression of specific viral products or other physiological stimuli, IκB undergoes a series of biological events, namely rapid phosphorylation in the N-terminal domain by a large multikinase complex, polyubiquitination and degradation by the 26 S proteasome, which enables translocation of the NF-κB heterodimer to the nucleus (20).