TLR4 and autoimmune disease: Up-regulation of TLR4 can induce a lupus-like autoimmune disease in mice,44 and expression of IL-6 is dysregulated in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.45 Further experiments are now necessary to determine whether mmu-miR-100-5p is expressed by FDC in vivo and acts to fine-tune the expression of GC-related genes via modulation of Tlr4 mRNA.