Considering that other studies have showed that numerous other genetic polymorphisms have an association with malaria including; sickle cell trait and disease, blood group, nitric oxide synthase, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) α promoter, haptoglobin, α-thalasemia, intercellular adhesion molecule–1, and RANTES, the interactions involving all these genotypes may be complex. Here, HP is linked to malaria.