In multivariate analyses, physical health (more chronic conditions (OR = 1.11 per unit increase in conditions, 95%CI 1.05-1.19); previous cancer diagnosis (OR = 2.74, 95%CI 1.74-4.30); BPH treatment (OR = 2.66, 95%CI 1.65-4.27)), healthcare utilisation (increased number of GP visits (OR = 1.01, 95%CI 1.01-1.05; having an influenza vaccination (OR = 1.35, 95%CI 1.13-1.60)); and socio-demographic variables (higher educational attainment and being married/cohabiting compared to other marital status) were associated with increased likelihood of having PSA tests. Here, KLK3 is linked to influenza.