INS and colonic neoplasm: [1]–[4] One hypothesis explaining these observations has been the role of hyperinsulinemia in promoting cancer development and progression. [5], [6] Prospective studies demonstrate associations between colon cancer risk among individuals with diabetes or elevated circulating levels of insulin or C-peptide. [6]–[8] Beyond cancer risk, observational studies of colon cancer patients suggest that these same host factors, including obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high intake of a Western pattern diet, and high dietary glycemic load confer an increased risk of colon cancer recurrence [9]–[11].