Although overexpression of ERRB2 led to increased metastatic potentials in PC3 cells and DU145 cells, overexpression of H-RAS did not have similar effects on these two cell lines or the LnCaP cell line (Figure 4 and Figure 5), despite the fact that RAS overexpression did elevate p-ERK (particularly p-ERK1) as well as p-AKT and/or p-p38 in all of the three human prostate cancer cell lines (Figure 7). Here, MAPK3 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.