Here, LV delivery of second generation CARs (with CD3ζ and 4-1BB domains) was combined with patient conditioning with combinations of cyclophosphamide, bendamustine, penotatsin and etoposide in patients with CLL and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (Kalos et al, 2011; Porter et al, 2011; Grupp et al, 2013). Here, CD247 is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.