Clinical trials of TCRs directed against HLA-A2/WT1 are being planned to treat relapse of AML/MDS in centres in Japan (Ochi et al, 2011), the USA (Schmitt et al, 2013) and the UK (Xue et al, 2005) The approach is supported by data from a recent experience with (non-engineered) donor-derived WT1-specific CD8 T cells infusions in post-transplant patients where antileukaemic effects were detected without notable toxicities (Chapuis et al, 2013). The gene discussed is WT1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.