Although studies are currently underway to determine the more general involvement of prolonged oxidative stress to defective clonal cell proliferation in these cells, the more practical explanation may be that the culmination of defects in metabolic, oxidative and proliferative signaling pathways present in MIF/D-DT-deficient NSCLC cells [15], [33], [39] is simply not compatible with malignant cell growth. Here, MIF is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.