Six (43%) patients with HCC in the context of hepatitis B (n=1), hepatitis C (n=3) or both (n=2) had molecular abnormalities related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (PIK3CA, n=1), Wnt pathway (CTNNA1, n=1; CTNNB1, n=4), STAT3 signaling (PTPRD, n=1), DNA repair mechanisms, cell cycle control and apoptosis (ATR, n=1; CDKN2A, n=1; RB1, n=1; MDM2, n=1; TP53, n=1). The gene discussed is MDM2; the disease is hepatitis C virus infection.