Inhibition of PP2A has been thought to be cancer promoting by induction of phosphorylation and activation of several substrate kinases, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), p38, Akt and protein kinase C (PKC) amongst others, most of which can accelerate growth (54–55). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and cancer.